
Nicole said: Caroline, I am interested in pursue a PhD degree. But now I am already 35 years old. If I enter the PhD program, when I get my PhD degree after 5 years. I will become 40 years old, which I think is too bad.
Caroline asked: ???? If you can find doing anything else that can make you not become 40 years old after 5 years, please do kindly let me know. I guess we will all become older after 5 years, no matter what we choose to do. If there is something that can make us not become 5 years older after 5 years, please do let me know. I will follow you, for sure...........
Mysteriously, Nicole stop saying anything..........
There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. Growing older is manadatory. Growing up is optional.
We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing.
We make a Living by what we get; We make a Life by what we give.

文/中國醫藥大學副教授許清祥
在潮濕、悶熱的季節,一定常發現一覺醒來,眼皮浮腫,臉看起來圓圓的;或是每到下午,就覺得雙腳腫脹,平常穿來寬鬆的鞋子也變得緊緊的;小腿也失去優美的線條,變得臃腫,甚至用手指壓壓足背或腳踝,還會有凹痕;愛美女性朋友也會發現,晚上的體重比早上要多出1~2公斤,身體也常常覺得笨重而容易感到疲倦,其實這些都是水腫導致的現象。
8項成因
門診時,很多病人發現水腫,就以為自己的腎臟有問題,其實造成水腫的成因很多,主要有以下8種。
成因1.靜脈回流變差造成的局部水腫
通常是因為局部的病變,造成靜脈回流變差。如果發現只有一隻腳水腫常
常是有靜脈曲張、蜂窩組織炎、下肢靜脈栓塞等問題;而久坐辦公桌或長途飛行
後的下肢腫脹,則是因久坐不動,靜脈回流變差所造成的。
成因2.腎臟病
腎臟病引起的水腫,有兩種情形:一種是蛋白尿,一種是腎功能不足。
【蛋白尿】
蛋白尿是因為蛋白質大量由尿中排泄,血中蛋白太低所致,血液滲透壓太低,使水分從血管中進入組織間隙,這種病人會有小便泡沫的情況。
【腎功能不足】
腎功能不足的人,則是因為無法完全排出水分及鹽分而引起水腫。
成因3.心臟衰竭
心臟衰竭病人由於心臟無法將血液打出去,造成循環不良,水分堆積,此種病人走路、爬樓梯則會有喘息及呼吸困難出現,甚至爬到2樓即走不動,須要停下來休息。
成因4.肝硬化
肝硬化的病人,首先會產生腹水,這是因為肝門靜脈因機械阻礙,壓力變高,使靜脈回流受阻。如果肝臟機能嚴重受損,導致白蛋白製造不足,也會引起水腫。這種病人通常有慢性肝病,或長期飲酒的病史外,經常會有黃疸出現。
成因5.荷爾蒙
有些女性的水腫,隨著月經週期改變,就會有週期性水腫,或者服用避孕藥、注射排卵藥物,都可能會水腫。
成因6.孕期水腫
因為胎兒的壓迫,使靜脈回流變差,主要水腫部位是下肢、腳背與腳踝。
但若發現有全身性水腫現象,包括上肢,臉部、眼瞼,甚至手指有脹、麻的感覺
時, 就有可能是病理性的水腫,例如:妊娠毒血症(包括,子癇前症及子癇症),
嚴重的慢性高血壓,或是腎臟疾病等所引起的,必須盡快就醫檢查。
成因7.藥物
某些降血壓藥物,消炎止痛劑或是類固醇,都有可能引起水腫副作用的發
生。
成因8.不明原因或體質性的水腫
此類型以女性朋友居多。特點是早上好好的,一到下午或晚上下肢腫脹,
上下午的體重可以相差1公斤以上。排除上面幾種原因後,才能將問題歸為體質性水腫。
消腫對策.2大類體質性水腫
針對體質性的水腫,傳統中醫理論認為肺、脾、腎是執行水分代謝的臟腑,如果這些臟腑的氣虛弱,就會使水濕內停,就是水腫的成因。臨床上最常見以下幾種類型。
類型1.肺脾氣虛型
危險群:常見於久坐辦公室的人,因平時缺少運動,肌肉顯得較鬆軟,造成「虛胖型」的下半身水腫。
症狀:臨床上常伴有精神不振、容易出汗、心悸胸悶、動則易喘、容易感冒、食欲不振、噯氣腹脹、容易噁心嘔吐、大便較軟或易腹瀉、排便不暢。
成因:這類型水腫的人,主要是缺乏運動,靜脈回流除了靠心臟的動力,也要靠肌肉的收縮。
改善撇步:
必須做些肌肉鍛鍊的運動,尤其是下肢的肌肉。也可食用補益肺氣與脾氣的中藥,有助於水腫的消除(例如:黃耆、茯苓、白朮、黨參、蓮子、芡實)。
【藥膳食療.茯苓紅棗粥】
材料:茯苓5錢、蓮子20粒、薏仁1兩、芡實5錢、山藥1兩、紅棗10顆、鹽少許。
做法:先將薏仁、蓮子、芡實洗淨,浸泡約3小時,紅棗洗淨去核,再加入山藥、茯苓。上述材料加入適量水,以小火熬煮至薏仁熟透。
功效:健脾益氣、利濕消腫。
類型2.濕熱腫脹型
危險群:這類型的人身體比較壯實,通常夏天比較容易水腫,或在濕熱的環境下工作情況就會加重。
症狀:臨床上常伴有肢體沈重感、口乾、口臭、容易出汗、體味較重、皮膚出現紅腫搔癢、小便量少且顏色深、大便乾結或便秘等症。
改善撇步:多食用清熱除濕、利尿消腫的藥材或食材就能改善這些症狀。(例如:荷葉、白茅根、茵陳、草決明、玉米鬚、車前草、赤小豆、冬瓜、黃瓜、西瓜等。)【藥膳食療:藿香茵陳茶】
材料:棉茵陳0.5錢、廣藿香1錢、佩蘭1錢、金銀花1錢。
做法:用開水沖泡即可。
功效:清利濕熱、除口臭。
【穴道按摩】
1.足三里
穴位:膝蓋中點下3寸,距脛骨前?一橫指。
功用:本穴為足陽明經合穴,與足太陰經相表裡,取其健運脾胃以制水。
2.三陰交
穴位:在內踝高點上3寸,當脛骨內側面後緣。
功用:本穴為足三陰經交會處,取其健脾利濕。
3.復溜
穴位:在小腿內側,先找出內踝尖與足跟肌腱之間的凹陷處,由此處直上2寸(三指幅寬度)即是此穴。
功用:本穴為腎經經穴,擅長利水治水腫。
生活8原則.輕鬆消水腫
1.避免久站久坐;在家或辦公時,每隔一段時間起身走動。
2.入睡前,將腳抬高超過心臟的高度即可。
3.食物避免重口味。鹽分不單只是食用鹽或吃起來鹹的東西,其實是泛指所有的醬料、醃製物或含鈉量高的飲料。應多吃蔬菜水果(含有豐富的鉀),因為鈉和胰島素會將水分滯留在體內,而鉀在體內的作用是排出水分。
4.生活規律不要過度勞累。
5.常運動;勤作腳板肌肉幫浦運動,預防及消除腿部腫脹。
6.不要穿過度緊身衣物,特別是在臀部和大腿會很緊的牛仔褲、束腹、束腰等會造成腹壓增加的衣物。
7.穿彈性襪。
8.避免穿高跟鞋。

超市为什么不能消费满多少,就送环保袋呢?
好像国内非常喜欢玩这种危机处理的把戏,出命令的和执行命令的,只管着自己的事情,根本不去考虑一个命令下来需要做多少真正意义上的调整,也不去真正考虑消费者的需求。对待国人也很奇怪,面对外国,一定要说咱是第三世界国家,咱穷啊,面对国内时,都当国人是有钱人,死命的宰。只是喜欢玩一些出了问题,然后再组织一帮专家学者,讨论讨论再讨论,然后做出某个决策,把论功行赏一番。这样一来,命令的发布和问题解决,就是两个政绩了。

Writing a magazine, or feature, article differs from newspaper articles (see How to Write a Newspaper Article) in that most magazines allow more space to develop a story (the article is longer) and more time to research it. Writing for a news magazine most resembles newspaper articles. In any case, it is still important in this form of journalism to answer the five questions:
- Who?
What (or what happened)?
When?
Where?
Why?
How?
WhiteSmoke (who) provides you with the best online English
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enhancement tool in one easy-to-use interface (why and how).
The rest of a magazine article elaborates on these questions, often
in some detail. A feature article in particular will go in depth on
a subject, giving readers background and perspective on "the
story behind a story" or "the person behind a
story." Another type of feature article, the travel article,
focuses on a place or event where readers might like to go (or just
to know about).
Magazine articles include photos and graphic art more often than
newspaper articles. Sometimes a magazine article is an extended
interview with a famous, important person, or interesting
person.
If you want to be paid to write an article (see Freelance Writing),
here are some article writing tips:
? Read the magazine that you want to publish your
article so that you are very familiar with its style, themes,
format and the other writers
? Check the masthead of the magazine to see its
policies about accepting unsolicited articles--most require a query
letter
? Make sure you have researched the topic you
will write about thoroughly
? Write a good query letter--be sure to use
WhiteSmoke English grammar software as editors don't like
errors in query letters
o Include information about any past
publications
o Provide background on the story and how it fits
into the magazine's format and content--show your familiarity
with the magazine
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related to the article
o Discuss how you envision approaching the
subject in your article
? Continue researching your article, but
don't start writing until you've heard from the editor, who
might suggest a different direction, other sources, or even a
different subject
? Once the editor has given the green light,
write the article
? Use WhiteSmoke's dictionary and thesaurus
to find the precise language you need for your article
? Use WhiteSmoke English grammar check and spell
check to prevent errors
? Finish on-time and to-length--follow the
writing guidelines, provided by the editor, in the magazine, or on
its web site, exactly
? Use WhiteSmoke English writing software as you
write--you will write a better article if you do!
For more information see: How to Write an Article, How to Write a
Magazine Article, and Learn to Write.
To write a good magazine article, use WhiteSmoke English writing
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Chances are you're an avid reader and after finishing your latest pick you asked yourself, "What do Nicholas Sparks, James Patterson and Stephen King have that I haven't got?" If you dream of succeeding as a writer, your answer lies within yourself. Success doesn't necessarily mean million-dollar book deals and signing tours. For most writers, success is just sitting down and putting the words on screen or paper.
Step1
Claim the name. How can you possibly succeed at any endeavor if you don't recognize your own legitimacy? Being a writer and getting published are two very different concepts, so when people ask you what you do, say with conviction, "I'm a writer."
Step2
Tap into that passion you feel for telling your story. You've probably been writing in one form or another most of your life, whether a journal, short stories, poems or articles. Your love of the craft will show in your writing if you are nurturing your gift, and will make the end result that much better.
Step3
Give your writing the time it deserves. Over and over, writing magazines and books tell you that you need to write every day, and this rule holds true for the most part. If you aren't making time to write, you aren't a writer who actually writes. Find the time of day and block of time that works for you, stick to that schedule and be realistic about it. Setting goals that you can reach will lessen your frustration.
Step4
Set the stage for your masterpieces. Just like children who need a specific place to study and do homework every day, you need a specific place for writing. If you don't have the space to designate a whole room for a writing office, then carve out a niche in a room just for you and use it every time you sit down to write.
Step5
Do your homework. Start reading for pleasure as a writer, studying the style of your favorite authors and the genres you want to attempt. Invest in books on how to write, subscribe to writing magazines, then join a writing group so that you can have your own work critiqued and share ideas with other writers.
Step6
Practice perseverance. Treat every rejection letter as a badge
of honor and learn from the experience; each rejection just proves
that you have actually written and submitted another piece. Rework
the piece if necessary and resubmit it somewhere else, remembering
that the latest rejection letter doesn't mean that the piece is
bad, but that it's simply not right for that publication. 
1、编辑类工作有什么特点呢?
所谓编辑,有中文编辑和英文编辑之分,还有新闻媒体编辑(包括电台)、杂志编辑、教辅媒体编辑及图书类媒体编辑等,各项工作有所区别。它们有共同点,就是工作中要约稿、组稿、改稿,有的还要去采访、排版。然后对大样小样进行校对。特点是:节奏快(图书和杂志慢点),策划多,挑错累,容易扩大人际圈,等等。有的单位需要坐班,有的不需要,具体再说。
2、适合什么样的人做呢?
不同类别的编辑有不同的要求。新闻媒体的编辑需要策划选题的能力强,组织能力强,新闻敏感性强;图书编辑应该很会判断图书市场,能打出畅销书为妙;教辅编辑主要是能够约稿、组稿、改错字病句等;杂志编辑根据类别区别还很明显,如果是时尚类杂志,你就需要自身很时尚了,不然很难做出色。
要做中文编辑,文笔应该很强;要做英文编辑,英文好之外,中文应该不错。编辑这个职位适合那些细心、耐心、亲和力强的人去做,如果胸怀大志,很有创造力,可以考虑别的岗位。用我们原报社(新闻)领导说的一句话来讲:“那些真正有才干的人,特别是男人,是不会在这行里呆着的。”总体而言,做编辑以女性居多。
3、职业发展道路大致会怎样呢?
编辑——编辑的领导(编审或副主编)——主编……
各个单位编制不同,仅供参考。当然,你可能要问的是,成了熟练编辑之后,如果不从事管理,还能做什么更厉害的去?那么我只能告诉你,这个行业不是太宽,虽然东家不吃吃西家,但做编辑需要你具备两方面的条件之后,你才会突破众人:一是工作实力,二是人脉力量。如果你具备了,那你能干很多别人干不了的事情。
4、有人说做编辑很辛苦,是这样吗?
从上述来看,肯定辛苦。除了那家单位不行,老板也不想努力。因为这行业竞争太激烈了,如果想轻松取得成就,是不可能的。首先流程很紧,其次受众很挑剔。所以一般单位的一校二校三校会有严格的时间规定,出错也会有严厉的扣罚。
5、听说北京的出版社一般都不解决户口问题了是吗?
绝大多数报社、出版社都不会给你解决户口的。《北青报》以前不招非北京户口的人,现在是招了,但绝不涉及户口之事。现在的工作基本上并不是非常稳定的,用人单位不愿意费那个事。编辑流动一般也比较快,当然,有些出版社改革不是太彻底,企业化不明显,还有点国企的味道,也许会办理户口,比如,高校出版社编制内员工是给办理的。
6、如果没有这方面的经验怎样较快地了解、进入这一行业呢?
先找个单位实习一段时间再说,否则,很多单位也不想招没编辑工作经验的人。
A writer explores a subject he is interested in, then queries a magazine that may be interested in that topic. At first, the writer has to ask magazines for work, but eventually the magazines may start doing the asking. Following are steps to begin writing magazine articles.
Step1
Read the magazines you want to write for. You will need to write the same kinds of articles if you want to get published in them.
首先要先找到这本杂志,好好读一下。了解他们文章的风格。
Step2
Get the writers guidelines for each magazine. Check the masthead; often there is a website for the publication and you can find writers guidelines there. If not, write a short letter to the publication asking for them. Be sure to include a self-addressed, stamped envelope.
最好找一份杂志的作者指南,一般在杂志的网站或者杂志内页,会放一个作者的指导。如果没有,就直接和他们要一份。
Step3
Send the magazine a query letter if they request one. The purpose of a query letter is to tell the editor about the article you want to write and ask if the magazine wants to publish it. Research books on magazine writing to learn effective query techniques.
向编辑提交一份自荐信。目的是向编辑请教自己想写的文章,能不能登。最好之前能研究下杂志协作的书,看看如何写这种自荐信。
Step4
Mail or email out more than one query letter about the same article if you want to, but never send out more than one copy of a finished article. Few things annoy editors more than taking the time and trouble to read your article and offering to buy it only to find you've sold it to another publication. On the other hand, more than one magazine may buy different kinds of articles on the same subject.
不要一稿多投。但可以做一个主题的多种文章。
Step5
Research your article. This isn't as easy as it sounds. Some writers can't seem to stop researching and actually write the article. Remember that you don't have to know all that there is to know about your topic.
写文章前做些调查。有些作家会调查起来没完没了,反而没时间思考文章。你并不需要全部都懂,才能动笔的!
Step6
Write your article. Then rewrite it. Make it the best article you can.
开始写文章,要反复修改,知道最好的文章出手。
Step7
Turn your article in on time. Nothing you do is more important than this. If you want to see your article published, and if you want to want to work for the same magazine again, make sure you meet your deadline.
按时交文章。这个非常重要。耽误了出刊,你就别想再在这个杂志上发表文章了。管理好自己的时间。
中国语言博大精深,在中文系混了四年,对于文字构建感觉上就像一个搬运工,把方块字一块块往上垒,干的始终是体力活。房屋不是单凭力气就能建筑的,体力活谁都能干,工程师永远只有少数几个,领悟语言的神髓才能将语言的力量发挥至尽。成语是汉语独特的语言现象,如果说撰文是体力活,成语无疑更能体现汉语的精神奥秘。今天和乌鸦师兄闲聊,师兄谈到“兔死狐悲”一成语,由于鄙人愚钝,未能尽解,本着学海无涯苦作舟书山有路勤为径的求学态度,特此作了一翻探究。
学习成语一般有三个方面,一是字面义,一是比喻义(或引申义),一是出处。根据字面理解,“兔死狐悲”的字面义是说,兔子死了,狐狸看见了也跟着悲伤。然而兔子死了,为什么狐狸要感到悲伤呢?我的第一反应就是,可能狐狸要以兔子为食,兔子死光了,狐狸没了食物,也就命不久已。但印象中狐狸偷鸡是常听说的事,食兔倒是少闻,师兄也认为狐狸是不吃兔子的。于是,我便翻了翻《现代汉语词典》,查了查“兔”与“狐”的解释,分别如下:
兔:哺乳动物,头部略像鼠,耳大,上唇中间分裂,尾短而向上翘,前肢比后肢短,善于跳跃,跑得很快。有家兔和野兔等种类。肉可以吃,毛可供纺织,毛皮可以制衣物。通称兔子。
狐:哺乳动物的一属,外形略像狼,面部较长,毛通常赤黄色。性狡猾多疑,昼伏夜出,吃野鼠、鸟类、家禽等。毛皮可做衣物。较常见的是草狐和赤狐。通称狐狸。
从狐狸“吃野鼠、鸟类、家禽等”的解释来看,狐狸主要以一些比兔子小的动物为食,可以推翻“狐狸要以兔子为食,兔子死光了,狐狸没了食物,也就命不久已”这一论断,狐狸悲伤的原因需待重探。幸而《现代汉语词典》“兔”字下又有“兔死狐悲”一条,据释“兔死狐悲”比喻因同类的灭亡而感到悲伤,此谓其比喻义与引申义。兔子与狐狸乃同类,目睹同类灭亡而悲伤,物伤其类,乃性情中事,想不到狐狸狡猾多疑,倒也有情有义。古人有论真小人与伪君子,小人虽可恶,但其敢作敢为仍不失可爱之处,反倒是伪君子,明明当了婊子还偏要立牌坊,暗地里伤人,实在可怕。如此算来,这狐狸倒算是动物中的真小人了,该为其翻案表率。
词义已解,可是世界无穷无尽,哪有尽头的探究?新的问题又出来了:兔子和狐狸什么时候成了“同类”了?在师兄的指点下,我百度了下“兔死狐悲”的出处,云:
《宋史·李全传》:“狐死兔泣,李氏灭,夏氏宁独存?”(由此我们可知“兔死狐悲”本为“狐死兔泣”)
有关那个叫李全的人的故事是大致这样的:公元1218年,杨妙真、李全领导的起义军驻扎在楚州一带,继续抗金。1227年,他们被南下的金兵包围,战斗失败后投降金兵。这一年,宋朝派太尉夏全率兵攻打楚州,李全处境十分危急。杨妙真便派人去对夏全说:“夏将军不也是从山东率众起义的吗?我们是一样的人,可现在您却带兵来攻打我们。就像狐狸和兔子是同类,如果兔子死了,那么狐狸就会悲伤哭泣。李全如果被灭,难道你夏全就能独自生存吗?希望我们不要自伤残杀了。”后来,人们就用“兔死狐悲”这个成语,来比喻因同类的死亡而感到悲戚。
从这一出处,我们看到了“兔死狐悲”这一成语该如何运用,但始终没提及兔子和狐狸为什么是同类这一问题。不得以再求教师兄。师兄认为,大概因为它们都是动物的缘故,由于无法排除是否师兄顺口胡说的可能性,我(下简称记)又就此问题特意采访了华师历史02高才生现实呓种先生(下简称种),以下为采访实录:
记:问问你,兔死为什么狐悲?现代汉语词典的解释是因为他们是同类,兔子和狐狸怎么是同类了?
种:这个同类不是指动物学上的分类,而是大的分类,打个比方,一群歹徒抢劫,一个给枪毙了,另外一个看到了肯定就担心自己的命运了。兔子死了狐狸看到自然就担心自己也迟早和它一样的下场。
(以上采访实录未经现实呓种先生审阅)
种生博学多才上至天文下至地理历史文学无一不晓,这次再将生物学与社会学紧密结合为我们提供了这一答案,相信与最佳答案相差无几。
得到这一答案的同时,由于受校园网网络速度限制,姗姗“开”迟的来自“中国语言学校”的一个网页又为我们提供了意想不到的答案,现摘录如下:
兔死狐悲
从前,一只兔子和一只狐狸为对付共同的敌人——猎人,彼此联盟发誓,发誓要同生死,共患难。一天,当他们正在田野里享受大自然的美景时,不料一群猎人突然前来,一箭就射死了兔子,狐狸也险遭不测。猎人走后,狐狸就跑到兔子身旁,哀泣悲悼。
有个长者经过,看见狐狸在兔子旁边哭泣,觉得奇怪,就问狐狸哭泣的原因。狐狸悲哀的说:“我和兔子同样是微小的动物,是猎人捕猎的对象。我们相约共同对敌,共生死,同患难。现在我的同盟被猎人射死,他今日的死亡,意味着我明天的死亡。我们是真正的朋友,我哪能不伤心哭泣呢!”
长者听了,叹着气,说:“你为这样的同伴哀悼哭得有理!”
“兔死狐悲”这个成语就是由这个故事而来的。表示对同类的死亡或不幸的伤心。
我将这一意外收获报告师兄,出于对兔子和狐狸居然是好朋友的怀疑,师兄提出了该故事可能为后人杜撰的可能性,然而无论如何,在今天科学技术发展高度未能完全解答这一疑问的情况下,这不妨成为我们进行科研探索的重要资料。
最后,念及求学应重视勤于思考这一原则,本人也就“兔子和狐狸为什么是同类”这一问题作了一翻自我的思考:
我的思考主要以《现代汉语词典》对“兔”和“狐”的诠释作为根据。通过对二者的相互比较,我们可以知道兔子和狐狸具有以下相同点:都是哺乳动物;兔子头部略像鼠,而老鼠的脸也是挺长的,因此可以推断兔子脸部也较长,与狐狸一致;虽然资料中没提及狐狸的奔跑速度,但出于对狐狸的常识了解,可知狐狸跑步也是很快的,与兔子一致;毛皮都可以制成衣物;都有通称,分别是“兔子”和“狐狸”。从这些为数不少的相同点,我们可以知道:兔子和狐狸是同类。





